PRINT OF YOU

Evidence library

Research sources and evidence

Print of You is not a validated psychological test. This bibliography shows the work used to frame its questions, guardrails and limitations—not proof that this product is accurate.

Publication titles, author names and venue names remain in their original bibliographic form.

Measurement and validation

Public item banks, testing standards and methods for asking whether different instruments and languages measure the same thing.

  1. Measurement scale

    1992–

    International Personality Item Pool: Big-Five Factor Markers

    Goldberg, L. R. and the International Personality Item Pool

    ipip.ori.org

    Open source

  2. Measurement scale

    2017

    The next Big Five Inventory (BFI-2)

    Soto, C. J. & John, O. P.

    Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

    Open source

  3. Dataset

    2016–

    SAPA Personality Inventory

    Revelle, W. et al.

    personality-project.org

    Open source

  4. Professional standard

    2014

    Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing

    AERA, APA & NCME

    American Educational Research Association

    Open source

  5. Theory or methods framework

    1959

    Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix

    Campbell, D. T. & Fiske, D. W.

    Psychological Bulletin

    Open source

  6. Theory or methods framework

    2016

    Measurement invariance conventions and reporting

    Putnick, D. L. & Bornstein, M. H.

    Developmental Review

    Open source

Relationships and partner preferences

Studies and scales on relationship quality, responsiveness, attachment context, satisfaction and stated partner ideals.

  1. Meta-analysis or research synthesis

    2020

    Machine learning uncovers the most robust self-report predictors of relationship quality across 43 longitudinal couples studies

    Joel, S. et al.

    PNAS

    Open source

  2. Meta-analysis or research synthesis

    2014

    The predictive validity of ideal partner preferences: A review and meta-analysis

    Eastwick, P. W., Luchies, L. B., Finkel, E. J. & Hunt, L. L.

    Psychological Bulletin

    Open source

  3. Meta-analysis or research synthesis

    2025

    A worldwide test of the predictive validity of ideal partner preference-matching

    Eastwick, P. W. et al.

    PMC

    Open source

  4. Measurement scale

    2011

    The Experiences in Close Relationships—Relationship Structures questionnaire

    Fraley, R. C., Heffernan, M. E., Vicary, A. M. & Brumbaugh, C. C.

    Psychological Assessment

    Open source

  5. Empirical study

    1998

    Intimacy as an interpersonal process

    Laurenceau, J.-P., Barrett, L. F. & Pietromonaco, P. R.

    Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

    Open source

  6. Measurement scale

    2021

    Perceived Responsiveness and Insensitivity scales

    Crasta, D., Rogge, R. D. et al.

    Psychological Assessment

    Open source

  7. Measurement scale

    2007

    Couples Satisfaction Index

    Funk, J. L. & Rogge, R. D.

    Journal of Family Psychology

    Open source

  8. Measurement scale

    2004

    Measurement of communal strength

    Mills, J., Clark, M. S., Ford, T. E. & Johnson, M.

    Personal Relationships

    Open source

AI-based personality inference

Published tests closest to inferring personality from conversations or interviews, including evidence of where those inferences remain weak.

  1. Empirical study

    2023

    How well can an AI chatbot infer personality? Examining psychometric properties of machine-inferred personality scores

    Fan, J. et al.

    Journal of Applied Psychology

    Open source

  2. Empirical study

    2025

    Benchmarking LLM personality inference from real interviews

    (preprint)

    arXiv

    Open source

Values, matching and two-person analysis

Work on cross-cultural values, dyadic methods and the evidence required before claiming that two people match.

  1. Measurement scale

    2022

    Measuring the refined theory of individual values in 49 cultural groups

    Schwartz, S. H. & Cieciuch, J.

    Assessment

    Open source

  2. Book

    2006

    Dyadic Data Analysis

    Kenny, D. A., Kashy, D. A. & Cook, W. L.

    Guilford Press

    Open source

  3. Theory or methods framework

    2019

    Best practices for testing the predictive validity of ideal partner preference-matching

    Eastwick, P. W., Finkel, E. J. & Simpson, J. A.

    Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

    Open source

Longitudinal and public datasets

Datasets that can provide base rates, repeated observations or item-level material for future calibration. Their availability does not mean this product has been calibrated against them.

  1. Dataset

    2009–2022

    How Couples Meet and Stay Together

    Rosenfeld, M. J., Thomas, R. J. & Hausen, S.

    Stanford University Libraries

    Open source

  2. Dataset

    2008–

    pairfam: German Family Panel

    Huinink, J. et al.

    paneldata.org

    Open source

  3. Dataset

    2016–2019

    Raw data from online personality tests (IPIP-FFM, ECR, HEXACO, FTI)

    Open Psychometrics

    openpsychometrics.org

    Open source